RC Gear Box

Specifications
Type: Remote Control Car Gearbox (Gear box)
Dimensions: 40mm L x 30mm
Weight: 30g
Reduction Ratio: flexible
Torque: flexible
Rotational Speed: flexible

Material:
1. Housing: ABS
2. Gear: POM/ nylon
Applications: remote control cars
Target Markets: worldwide
Factory locations: Taiwan and Guangdong Province of China

Yeh Der has been to manufacture high-quality gears and gearboxes for industry since 1989. We provide both ODM & OEM services for gears and gearboxes (gear boxes), including designing, prototype making, manufacturing, assembling, testing, etc.

Our engineering has developed a broad range of gear and gearbox products, and on top of that, we have developed extremely flexible design and manufacturing capabilities in our nearly twenty years in business. This has allowed us to offer special features that help our customers simplify designs, improve performance and reduce costs.

With our strong engineering capabilities, we can develop precision gear and gearbox products to meet your most exacting requirements. We believe the key to reaching your performance goals is our working together.

Please contact us for more details.

Design details



A full range of transmissions especially designed for building it yourself. These gearboxes and transmissions are easy and cheap to manufacture, suitable for hobby model builders and amateur craftsmen. No precise or small tolerances. No special tools are needed, except for a small lathe and drill column. Off course some general knowledge of technical drawings and metal crafting is required.



All materials are available at hobby- and / or hardware stores. The housing is made out of stock aluminum bar 50x8mm, and the clutch parts are made out of stock round 40mm brass, epoxy ‘PCB’-, and steel sheet. All the parts like bearings, gears and shafts, are all standard catalog parts and can be purchased worldwide through internet at Sterling Instruments. A fully detailed parts list with complete ordering details comes with each set of plans.



Suitable for any rolling radio controlled vehicle like trucks, cars & tanks. The gearboxes can be powered by gasoline- or nitro engines, and are suitable for models up to 1/6 scale. Suitable for an estimated max input power of 1.5kW and a max input rpm of 15k ( for example 5cc nitro, 20cc 2-stroke, or 30 cc 4-stroke, gasoline ). Currently a range of 4 gearboxes is available; a tank transmission with 2 speeds forward 1 reverse, another tank gearbox-transmission with dual clutch and reversible track direction, a 2-speed clutch operated gearbox (configurable as a reverse-neutral-forward, or a low-neutral-high setup), and a 3 speed gearbox (configurable as a 1st-2nd-3rd gear, or a reverse-forward-overdrive setup). These gearboxes can be used modularly. By coupling them together, one creates a 4, 6 or 9 speed transmission. Or for example a 3-speed tank gearbox. (See pictures at bottom of page)

Gear box

# Gear box is an essential equipment in a gear assembly. Gear Box is also known as Gear head, Gear reducer and Speed reducer. The fundamental principle of a gearbox is to transmit the cause of mechanical rotation between two shafts. In this order, there is a structural support present in between the two shafts. Generally, gearboxes are kept inside the casings. This helps the gearboxes in their structural support, provides protection and ensures in doing safe functioning. Normally, the gearboxes are designed in reducing the speed, but sometimes, a gearbox may be designed for speed enhancing duties. The shafts inside the gearboxes are placed for the purpose of accepting and delivering the machinery rotation. This machinery rotation (torque) is achieved in the form of splines that should be suitable to connect or join to another unit. The capacity of thrusting outward of the shafts will have been limited from the casing. The mechanical rotation which is generated by the engine is consumed through the gearbox. This in turn, is being converted into a force at the road surface. To accelerate the vehicle, the force which is being applied can be calculated as follows:Spur Gear Box
Spur gearbox is an effective and durable mechanical equipment, which is used for the purpose of transmitting power and uniform and constant rotatory motion from one parallel shaft to the other shaft. Spur gearbox is also considered as a capable industrial tool that provides a continuous speed drive. This speed drive can be increased or decreased according to the requirement.

# Helical Gear Boxes
Helical gearboxes are quite alike the spur gearboxes in working. These gearboxes possess teeth that are fitted in a spiral format around the gear. The modern helical gearboxes are usually designed on a modular concept of construction and are available in different ratios. These gearboxes are fabricated to work absolutely without any noise, thus used in transmission operations.

# Hardened & Ground Gear Box
Hardened and ground gearboxes are considered one of the best types of gearboxes in the gears and gearbox manufacturing industry. They are widely used in many industrial applications in wind mills, cement industry, agro industry, fertilizer plants, aviation industry, and so. They are fabricated from industry standard raw materials like nickel, titanium, and stainless steel.

# Crane Duty Gear Box
These gearboxes are often used in heavy-duty applications. They are one of the advanced types of gearboxes, which give maximum thermal efficiency. These gearboxes facilitate the proper meshing of the gear teeth, which results in enhanced performance of the gear. The high efficiency is also ensured by its precision gearing and accurate bearings. It is often used in mining, automobiles, and construction industry.

RC Carburetors

A graphic look at a slide valve three needle R/C Nitro Engine Carburetor.

All r/c nitro engine carburetors are of the slide or rotary valve design.

This pictorial is of a slide valve r/c nitro engine carburetor. A large number of slide valve carburetors are of the three needle design.

A high speed, low speed and idle adjustment needle. There is some variance in this, some use only two needles.

While others use three needles, just that the manufacturer's use different terminology.

Now let us take a closer look at a r/c nitro engine carburetor. A graphic guide to all the parts that make up a r/c nitro engine carburetor.

Radio Control Nitro Engine Picture

Radio Control Nitro Engine Picture

Understanding your r/c nitro engine carburetor is very important.

Learning how to adjust your carburetor to critical in getting your r/c nitro engine to perform correctly.

Adjusting the high speed needle or screw either lean's or richen's your nitro fuel mixture entering the r/c nitro engine.

Adjusting this needle controls the temperature your engine is running at. Plus, it affects the overall performance of your r/c nitro engine.

Too some degree adjusting your high speed needle can change how your engine idles. It can be an art or science getting your r/c nitro engine carburetor adjusted properly.

Be patient and only do adjustments in small increments. A 1/16th to 1/4th of a turn.

I usually start at a 1/16th of a turn and see how that works and keep adding a 1/16th of a turn till I reach the tune that suits me.

So do take your time and keep notes on what adjustments you are making.

Radio Control Nitro Engine Picture



One other tuning factor that affects your r/c nitro engine is the carburetor restrictor.

Depending on which r/c nitro engine you have you will more than likely have two or three restrictors included with your engine.

The sizes of these restrictors will be from small, medium to large.

The actual millimeter size will vary depending on the size and manufacture of your r/c nitro engine carburetor.

The restrictor you use will depend on your driving style and how you have your engine tuned.

Just remember that changing the restrictor will require you to re-tune your r/c nitro engine carburetor.

Carburetor

A carburetor basically consists of an open pipe, a "Pengina" or "barrel" through which the air passes into the inlet manifold of the engine. The pipe is in the form of a venturi: it narrows in section and then widens again, causing the airflow to increase in speed in the narrowest part. Below the venturi is a butterfly valve called the throttle valve — a rotating disc that can be turned end-on to the airflow, so as to hardly restrict the flow at all, or can be rotated so that it (almost) completely blocks the flow of air. This valve controls the flow of air through the carburetor throat and thus the quantity of air/fuel mixture the system will deliver, thereby regulating engine power and speed. The throttle is connected, usually through a cable or a mechanical linkage of rods and joints or rarely by pneumatic link, to the accelerator pedal on a car or the equivalent control on other vehicles or equipment.

Fuel is introduced into the air stream through small holes at the narrowest part of the venturi and at other places where pressure will be lowered when not running on full throttle. Fuel flow is adjusted by means of precisely-calibrated orifices, referred to as jets, in the fuel path.
[edit] Off-idle circuit

As the throttle is opened up slightly from the fully-closed position, the throttle plate uncovers additional fuel delivery holes behind the throttle plate where there is a low pressure area created by the throttle plate blocking air flow; these allow more fuel to flow as well as compensating for the reduced vacuum that occurs when the throttle is opened, thus smoothing the transition to metering fuel flow through the regular open throttle circuit.
[edit] Main open-throttle circuit

As the throttle is progressively opened, the manifold vacuum is lessened since there is less restriction on the airflow, reducing the flow through the idle and off-idle circuits. This is where the venturi shape of the carburetor throat comes into play, due to Bernoulli's principle (i.e., as the velocity increases, pressure falls). The venturi raises the air velocity, and this high speed and thus low pressure sucks fuel into the airstream through a nozzle or nozzles located in the center of the venturi. Sometimes one or more additional booster venturis are placed coaxially within the primary venturi to increase the effect.

As the throttle is closed, the airflow through the venturi drops until the lowered pressure is insufficient to maintain this fuel flow, and the idle circuit takes over again, as described above.

Bernoulli's principle, which is a function of the velocity of the fluid, is a dominant effect for large openings and large flow rates, but since fluid flow at small scales and low speeds (low Reynolds number) is dominated by viscosity, Bernoulli's principle is ineffective at idle or slow running and in the very small carburetors of the smallest model engines. Small model engines have flow restrictions ahead of the jets to reduce the pressure enough to suck the fuel into the air flow. Similarly the idle and slow running jets of large carburetors are placed after the throttle valve where the pressure is reduced partly by viscous drag, rather than by Bernoulli's principle. The most common rich mixture device for starting cold engines was the choke, which works on the same principle.

RC Differential

There are a few different types of geared differentials but they fall into two distinct categories. The bevel geared planetary type differential is featured in this article and the example used is from an SVM Columbia (no longer in production) large scale car made by Radiosistemi. The other type of geared differential uses straight cut gears and works using the same principle. Geared differentials are normally very reliable and durable assemblies and some owners may never feel the need to open them up for maintenance.

Differential

A differential is a device, usually but not necessarily employing gears, capable of transmitting torque and rotation through three shafts, almost always used in one of two ways: in one way, it receives one input and provides two outputs—this is found in most automobiles—and in the other way, it combines two inputs to create an output that is the sum, difference, or average, of the inputs.


In automobiles and other wheeled vehicles, the differential allows each of the driving roadwheels to rotate at different speeds, while for most vehicles supplying equal torque to each of them.

A vehicle's wheels rotate at different speeds, mainly when turning corners. The differential is designed to drive a pair of wheels with equal torque while allowing them to rotate at different speeds. In vehicles without a differential, such as karts, both driving wheels are forced to rotate at the same speed, usually on a common axle driven by a simple chain-drive mechanism. When cornering, the inner wheel needs to travel a shorter distance than the outer wheel, so with no differential, the result is the inner wheel spinning and/or the outer wheel dragging, and this results in difficult and unpredictable handling, damage to tires and roads, and strain on (or possible failure of) the entire drivetrain.

RC helicopters

Banana Hobby is proud to bring to you the Newest and Hottest in the Radio Control Industry! We offer a Huge Array of RC products! From Radio Control Ready to Fly Electric Jets to Radio Control Car, Boats, Tanks, Beginner and 3D Helicopters! Airplanes for beginners to 3D Airplanes for the advanced! If you can think of it, Banana Hobby has it covered! At Banana Hobby, we take pride in our Customer and Product Satisfaction and Support! We offer low prices and Fast Shipping! So shop with ease and confidence! Take a look at what you have been missing in the Newest and Hottest in RC!

RC car

We see it all the time in R/C. Even the biggest companies have gotten into the habit of slapping their names on products made by different manufacturers and often sold by more than one brand. Most of the time, these companies never mention that they’re selling cheap gear made overseas. The equipment is usually subpar in quality, doesn’t work well and is poorly supported by both the brand that is selling it, as well as the actual manufacturer.

Every once in a while, though, this process of re-badging existing equipment is a good thing for the brands involved, as well as the consumers. Losi’s Nitrotec R21 engine is an example of the latter.

FEATURES OVERVIEW
If you’re going to re-badge a product, it makes sense to start with a high-quality product. Losi readily admits that Novarossi World S.r.l. manufactures the R21 in Italy; the Nitrotec engine is very similar to the Plus 21-4 we reviewed in the July ’09 issue, minus a few cuts on the head fins, different anodizing, and small changes in port and crank timing. This is good news, because the Plus-4 is an incredible engine.
Just four functional ports can be found on the R21’s sleeve, with two of those being a bridged boost port opposite the exhaust port. Twin transfer ports on each side help pack the air/fuel charge into the combustion chamber for ignition, and a tall exhaust port allows the spent mixture to be expelled quickly. The sleeve is devoid of fancy and dramatic machining, but the R21’s design, like the Plus 4, is all business.

RC engines

What is a glow engine?
R/C models are powered in a variety of ways. Sailplanes, for example, need no power source other than nature. But they’re the exception. Nearly all R/C vehicles, aircraft, boats and helicopters require something to propel them into action.

Electric models use small motors, powered by battery cells. Those motors should not be confused with glow engines — which are actual internal combustion power plants that form the heart of any “gas” or “nitro” powered R/C model.

Most nitro R/C models use a 2- or 4-stroke glow engine, sized specifically for that model. Typically, they range in displacement from .049 cu. in. to 1.2 cu. in. (80cc to 20cc) — a variety that satisfies virtually any model’s power requirements.

automobile

Automobile: road vehicle that is motor-driven and is used for transporting people.
Trunk: place for stowing baggage.
Tail light: rear light.
Back fender: side rear part of the body that covers the wheel.
Quarter window: window pane situated approximately above the rear wheel.
Roof post: vertical structure that supports the top of the car.
Window: mounted pane of glass.
Door handle: part of the door used to open it.
Door: opening used to enter the passenger compartment.
Outside mirror: external mirror used for looking backwards.
Door post: vertical structures that encase the windows.
Hub cap: piece of metal covering the hubs.
Wheel: round object that turns around a central axel and allows the car to advance.
Front fender: side fore part of the body that covers the wheel.
Shield: movable apparatus that protects against bumps.
Indicator light: amber light that is used to signal changes in the car's direction.
License plate: piece of metal that carries a number used to identify the automobile.
Bumper: apparatus at the front and rear of a vehicle that protects the body from minor bumps.
Head light: front light of a car.
Grill: plastic or metal decoration over the radiator.
Hood: cover of the engine compartment at the front of a car.
Windshield wiper: movable device, made partly of rubber, that wipes the windshield and rear window of a car.
Outside mirror: external mirror used for looking backwards.
Windshield: the front window of a car.
Sun roof: movable part that allows the roof of a car to be partially opened.
Roof: upper part of a car, covering the passenger compartment.

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NEW supper gl hiace

Vehicle type van vehicle make toyota body color white doors 4 doors transmission automatic fuel type diesel vehicle no pa-xxxx safety driver air bag passenger air bag anti-lock brakes air conditioning power steering 4 wheel windows power windows rear window defroster am/fm radio am/fm stereo tape cd player dvd player other features alloy wheels power door locks security system additional info tv, cd, dvd, chrome alloy wheels, rear speakers

Our World

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All Things

elephants
Elephants are large land mammals of the order Proboscidea and the family Elephantidae. There are three living species: the African Bush Elephant, the African Forest Elephant and the Asian Elephant (also known as the Indian Elephant). Other species have become extinct since the last ice age, the Mammoths, dwarf forms of which may have survived as late as 2,000 BC, being the best-known of these. They were once classified along with other thick skinned animals in a now invalid order, Pachydermata.
Elephants are the largest land animals.The elephant's gestation period is 22 months, the longest of any land animal. At birth it is common for an elephant calf to weigh 120 kilograms (260 lb). They typically live for 50 to 70 years, but the oldest recorded elephant lived for 82 years. The largest elephant ever recorded was shot in Angola in 1956. This male weighed about 12,000 kilograms (26,000 lb),[4] with a shoulder height of 4.2 metres (14 ft), a metre (yard) taller than the average male African elephant. The smallest elephants, about the size of a calf or a large pig, were a prehistoric species that lived on the island of Crete during the Pleistocene epoch.

Sea

The term sea refers to certain large amounts of water, but there is inconsistency as to its precise definition and application. Most commonly, a sea may refer to a large expanse of Saline water connected with an ocean , but it is also used sometimes for a large saline lake that lacks a natural outlet, e.g. the Caspian Sea. Colloquially, the term is used as a synonym for ocean. Additionally, large lakes, such as the Great Lakes of North America, are occasionally referred to as "inland seas".



Birds
Sri Lanka is a birds paradise with 435 resident species. There are 26 endemic birds. Most of them are found in the wet zone. The winter migrants come from distant Siberia and western Europe. The reservoirs attract vast number of water birds. The forests attract many other species. There are many birds sanctuaries across the little island 270 km by 140 km in size.

Kumana is situated in east Coast, Bundala, Kalamatiya are is in the southern coast, Sinharaja Rain Forest, Udawatta Kale, Bellanwila, Muthurajawela, Minneriya, Kitulgala and Minipe are other important Bird watching locations. In additions you can see birds through out the country in pockets of forests, lakes, lagoons and river sides during your travel.

Riligen

Siddhartha Gautama (Sanskrit: ????????? ????; Pali: Siddhattha Gotama) was a spiritual teacher in the north eastern region of the Indian subcontinent who founded Buddhism.[1] In most Buddhist traditions, he is regarded as the Supreme Buddha (Sammasambuddha) of our age, "Buddha" meaning "awakened one." The time of his birth and death are uncertain: most early 20th-century historians dated his lifetime as c. 563 BCE to 483 BCE; more recently, however, at a specialist symposium on this question,[2] the majority of those scholars who presented definite opinions gave dates within 20 years either side of 400 BCE for the Buddha's death, with others supporting earlier or later dates.[3]

Gautama, also known as Sakyamuni or Shakyamuni ("sage of the Shakyas"), is the key figure in Buddhism, and accounts of his life, discourses, and monastic rules are believed by Buddhists to have been summarized after his death and memorized by his followers. Various collections of teachings attributed to Gautama were passed down by oral tradition, and first committed to writing about 400 years later. Early Western scholarship tended to accept the biography of the Buddha presented in the Buddhist scriptures as largely historical, but currently "scholars are increasingly reluctant to make unqualified claims about the historical facts of the Buddha's life and teachings."[4]
Life

The primary sources of information regarding Siddhartha Gautama's life are the Buddhist texts. According to these, the Buddha and his monks spent four months each year discussing and rehearsing his teachings, and after his death his monks set about preserving them. A council was held shortly after his death, and another was held a century later. At these councils the monks attempted to establish and authenticate the extant accounts of the life and teachings of the Buddha following systematic rules. They divided the teachings into distinct but overlapping bodies of material, and assigned specific monks to preserve each one.[5] In some cases, essential aspects of teachings attributed to the Buddha were incorporated into stories and chants in an effort to preserve them accurately.[6]

education of law

what is law

Lawis a system of rules, usually enforced through a set of institutions. It shapes politics, economics and society in numerous ways and serves as a primary social mediator of relations between people. Contract law regulates everything from buying a bus ticket to trading on derivatives markets. Property law defines rights and obligations related to the transfer and title of personal (often referred to as chattel) and real property. Trust law applies to assets held for investment and financial security, while tort law allows claims for compensation if a person's rights or property are harmed. If the harm is criminalised in a statute, criminal law offers means by which the state can prosecute the perpetrator. Constitutional law provides a framework for the creation of law, the protection of human rights and the election of political representatives. Administrative law is used to review the decisions of government agencies, while international law governs affairs between sovereign nation states in activities ranging from trade to environmental regulation or military action. Writing in 350 BC, the Greek philosopher Aristotle declared, "The rule of law is better than the rule of any individual."

Legal systems elaborate rights and responsibilities in a variety of ways. A general distinction can be made between civil law jurisdictions, which codify their laws, and common law systems, where judge made law is not consolidated. In some countries, religion still informs the law. Law provides a rich source of scholarly inquiry, into legal history, philosophy, economic analysis or sociology. Law also raises important and complex issues concerning equality, fairness and justice. "In its majestic equality", said the author Anatole France in 1894, "the law forbids rich and poor alike to sleep under bridges, beg in the streets and steal loaves of bread." In a typical democracy, the central institutions for interpreting and creating law are the three main branches of government, namely an impartial judiciary, a democratic legislature, and an accountable executive. To implement and enforce the law and provide services to the public, a government's bureaucracy, the military and police are vital. While all these organs of the state are creatures created and bound by law, an independent legal profession and a vibrant civil society inform and support their progress.

Our Life

Ambuluwawa

Ambuluwawa

At an elevation of 3567 feet, on the summit of Ambuluvava peak that rises just four kilometres from Gampola, a sapling of the sacred Bo Tree of Anuradhapura is carefully, lovingly tended. Acting Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Peradeniya, D.S.A. Wijesundera, has ensured a green shade cloth over and around it and told me that it was already putting out new leaves. I believe it is the only sacred Bo sapling to thrive at such a height.

A fitting place indeed, for as Nandasena Mudiyanse tells us in his book, The Art and Architecture of the Gampola Period (1341-1415 AD ), the foot of this mountain holds the ruins of the Malati-mala-sailays, the dwelling place of Dharmakirtti Sthavira. Only the platform of this ancient edifice now remains in the embrace of a grove of araliya. It was here that Dharmakirtti composed the Pali poem Jananuragacarita. No ordinary monk was he. He was the thera Silavamsa. He also composed the Patami-Maha-Sataka and it was Bhuvanakabahu IV who built for him this Gampola abode. History has it that he was the brother of King Parakrama Bahu.

The Mayura Sandesaya also names Dharmakirtti as the Sangharaja of that period. The 1928 translation edited by W.F. Gunawardhana states: "The hierarch Dharmakirtti who is wise and who hoisted the flag of Dhamma as a symbol of victory over the world."

Sri Pada Mountain

The mountain of Sri Pada is one of the rare places that people of four major religions in the world worship. The mountain is situated in the Rathnapura district with a height of 7,360 feet (2,243 meters).

Although this is only the second highest mountains, It rises alone majestically with a conical shape and offers an unobstructed view over land and sea. It is said that the mountain was the landmark of the ancient sea-faring Arabs, who came to Sri Lanka, to trade in gems, spices, ivory etc., and they, having sighted the conical mountain miles off shore, prayed to God for having brought them safely to the island.

According to the Sri Lanka's great chronicle, Mahawamsa, Buddha visited Sri Lanka three times. The last time he traveled from Kelaniya to Sri Pada, and then to Digavaphi. It is said that Buddha left his foot print on the rock at top of the mountain at the invitation of the Deity Saman (Saman Deviyo).

Deity Saman is recorded as having met the Buddha on his first visit to the island when he visited Mahiyangana to drive away the Tribe of Yakkas. Saman became a stream-entrant (sotapanna) after listening to the Buddha. Deity Saman then requested a object of worship , and Buddha gave him a handful of hairs with which he enshrined on a dagaba at Mahiyangana.

The FINGER controversy

he FINGER controversy, a debate over privacy on the Net, occurred in early 1979 and involved some of the worst flaming in the MsgGroup's experience. The fight was over the introduction, at Carnegie-Mellon University, of an electronic widget that allowed users to peek into the on-line habits of other users on the Net. The FINGER command had been created in the early 1970s by a computer scientist named Les Earnest at Stanford's Artificial Intelligence Laboratory. "People generally worked long hours there, often with unpredictable schedules," Earnest said. "When you wanted to meet with some group, it was important to know who was there and when the others would likely reappear. It also was important to be able to locate potential volleyball players when you wanted to play, Chinese food freaks when you wanted to eat, and antisocial computer users when it appeared that something strange was happening on the system." FINGER didn't allow you to read someone else's messages, but you could tell the date and time of the person's last log-on and when he or she had last read mail. Some people had a problem with that.

In an effort to respect privacy, Carnegie-Mellon's Ivor Durham changed the FINGER default setting; he added a couple of bits that could be turned on or off, so the information could be concealed unless a user chose to reveal it. Durham was flamed without mercy. He was called everything from spineless to socially irresponsible to a petty politician, and worse -- but not for protecting privacy. He was criticized for monkeying with the openness of the network.

The debate began as an internal dialogue at Carnegie-Mellon but was leaked out onto the ARPANET by Dave Farber of the University of California at Irvine, who wanted to see what would happen if he revealed it to the outer world. The ensuing flame-fest consumed more than 400 messages.

At the height of the FINGER debate, one person quit the MsgGroup in disgust over the flaming. The controversy ended inconclusively. But it taught users a lesson about the medium they were using. The speed of electronic mail promoted flaming, some said; anyone hot could shoot off a retort on the spot, and without the moderating factor of having to look the target in the eye.

Smile When You Call Me That

On April 12, 1979, a rank newcomer to the MsgGroup named Kevin MacKenzie anguished on-line about the "loss of meaning" in this electronic, textually bound medium. Unquestionably, e-mail allowed a spontaneous verbal exchange, but he was troubled by its inability to convey human gestures, facial expressions and tone of voice -- all of which come naturally in conversation and express a whole vocabulary of nuances in speech and thought, including irony and sarcasm. Perhaps, he said, we could extend the set of punctuation in e-mail messages. In order to indicate that a particular sentence is meant to be tongue-in-cheek, he proposed inserting a hyphen and parenthesis at the end of the sentence, thus: -)

MacKenzie confessed that the idea wasn't entirely his; it had been sparked by something he had read on a different subject in an old copy of Reader's Digest. About an hour later, he was flamed, or rather, singed. He was told his suggestion was "naive but not stupid." He was given a short lecture on Shakespeare's mastery of the language without auxiliary notation. "Those who will not learn to use this instrument well cannot be saved by an expanded alphabet," the flamer wrote. "They will only afflict us with expanded gibberish."

Hah, what did Shakespeare know? Emoticons and smileys, a whole family of odd little sideways mimes, popularized by hoi polloi no doubt, arose in the medium of e-mail and went forth into the iconography of our times. :-)

Copyright 1996 by Katie Hafner and Matthew Lyon. From the book Where Wizards Stay Up Late, by Katie Hafner and Matthew Lyon, to be published by Simon & Schuster Inc. Printed by permission. (Spesial Thank you published by Simon & Schuster Inc)

SRI LANKA JOB

Trainer - Commercial Cookery

Overseas assignment

Competitive remuneration package

Full time fixed term until Dec 2009

Box Hill Institute has been appointed by the Australian Government (AusAID) to implement the Australia-Pacific Technical College in Vanuatu, Samoa and Fiji.

The APTC is an Australian Government initiative and has been established to deliver a range of courses from Certificate III to Certificate IV. The technical college is a centre of training excellence aimed at skilling and qualifying Pacific Islanders for a range of vocational occupations needed throughout the Pacific including hospitality and tourism, health and community services, automotive trades, manufacturing, construction and electrical trades.

Located in Fiji, Samoa or Vanuatu, this teaching position will be responsible for the preparation, delivery and assessment of Certificate III Commercial Cookery and Patisserie to trainees enrolled in the college. Other aspects will see you participate in skills testing, selection, enrolment and induction of participants in the programs.

Applicants should have relevant industry qualifications along with recent experience in the commercial cookery, baking and patisserie industry. Cert IV in TAA is also required for this role.

Please note: this is an overseas assignment and the successful candidate will be required to relocate at short notice.

Like to know more? Contact Kate McCubbin on (??) ???? ????

Applications close: Friday 28^th Aug 2009

For position information and to apply online go to:

mycareer.com.au

Applicants must complete all aspects of the online application form including the key selection criteria.

Airplane

Airplane!" is, was and always shall be the master of spoof movies. It is single-handedly responsible for literally inventing a sub-genre of comedy. It is the ultimate Silly Movie. A satire of the disaster movies of the 1970s, particularly the "Airport" series, nothing makes sense and it doesn't need to. There's no real plot. Just laughs - and plenty of 'em.

It was helmed by the ZAZ trio (Zucker, Abrahams and Zucker), whose dedication to making the audience laugh is surprisingly adamant. Recent spoofs may have left a bad aftertaste in your mouth, but it seems to be a universal agreement: "Airplane" is the funniest film of its genre ever made. (Closely followed by "The Naked Gun" - also penned by the ZAZ trio - perhaps.)

The plot: Ted Striker (Robert Hays) is a war veteran-turned-cab-driver who decides to chase after his girlfriend, an airline stewardess named Elaine (Julie Hagerty), who has dumped him in order to pursue a new life. Right before her plane takes off, Ted climbs aboard, hitching a ride in order to woo her back into a relationship again.

When the aircraft is in midflight, both pilots become very ill after eating their meals. Eventually many passengers begin to show symptoms of a rare disease, apparently transmitted by the food. Onboard, Dr. Rumack (Leslie Nielsen) takes care of the sick passengers as Ted - an ex-fighter pilot from the war - decides to try and land the plane. If he messes up they will all die, and in a particularly funny scene, the pressure becomes so unbearable that he begins to literally sweat gallons in the cockpit.

That is essentially all the film is about, but most of its duration is spent cracking jokes. Spoof films are entirely different from other movies because normally we would criticize a film if it considered its plot to be the least important element. Not so here. This is a truly brainless piece of celluloid - a movie that doesn't try to be anything that it isn't. From the opening credits - that cleverly spoof "JAWS" - to the closing we realize that this is an altogether unique film going experience.

The movie's biggest laughs come through unexpected flashbacks, such as when Ted remembers where he first met Elaine in a crummy bar ("...it was worse than Detroit..."), and begins to disco-dance a la John Travolta from "Saturday Night Fever" (complete with Bee Gees soundtrack blaring in the background and the famous Travolta pose). Then, later, we are taken back to when Ted was hospitalized after the war, and finds out that he was responsible for the death of six men. "Seven, actually," he is informed, which adds to the pain of the moment for him.

Though this movie is very funny, many jokes misfire. If you're not pop culture savvy and you don't remember Mrs. Cleaver from TV's "Leave it to Beaver", the humor is going to go over your head. But unlike many comedies, "Airplane!" offers something unique for each person. I know that as a film lover, I picked up on many movie in-jokes that some people might not recognize. And then there were the gags that I first missed but picked up after a second viewing, or when someone explained them to me, or both. And I'm sure there are many yet that I'm not aware of. It seems that every time I watch it, there's something else to laugh at that I missed previously.

"Airplane!" not only was a huge success in 1980 (the year of its release), spinning off a horde of imitators and one sequel - it was also responsible for crowning Leslie Nielsen "The King of Spoof." Prior to "Airplane!" Nielsen had been a veteran of more serious productions, stemming back to playing cowboys on "The Mickey Mouse Club" and other embarrassing attempts at acting. However, Nielsen later claimed that he had always wanted to do a comedy, even when he first started acting seriously with projects such as the classic "Forbidden Planet" (one of the best science-fiction films ever made). He later reunited with the ZAZ trio for "The Naked Gun" trilogy, appeared in similar spoof films over the years such as "Wrongfully Accused" and "Scary Movie 3," and had his iconic comedy shtick ripped off by many screen veterans - most noticeably by George Gaynes in the unbearable "Police Academy" (1984).

When it comes down to a single evaluation, "Airplane" is simply the best spoof film ever made. It's like a MAD Magazine parody come to life. There are the occasional misfires, but unlike many other spoof film imitators, this one contains far more hits. The deadpan acting is genius and everything else fits into place, resulting in what may arguably be one of the absolute funniest films ever conceived and put on the big screen. And if you decide to watch the movie, don't blink - you might miss a gag or two. The "Police Academies" will come and go but "Airplane!" will never be forgotten.